Renaissance vs Baroque free essay sample

Renaissance researchers utilized theâ humanistâ method in study, and looked for authenticity and human feeling in craftsmanship  Florentine painters drove byMasaccio strove to depict the human structure everything being equal, creating strategies to renderâ perspectiveâ and light more normally Renaissance could be seen as an endeavor by intelligent people to consider and improve theâ secularâ and common, both through the recovery of thoughts from days of yore, and through novel ways to deal with thought. During the Renaissance, cash and craftsmanship went inseparably. Specialists relied absolutely upon benefactors while the supporters required cash to continue prodigies The Early Renaissance saw the main experts of the time explore different avenues regarding shading, point of view, tone, topic and numerous different parts of their work. Just because craftsmen had the option to investigate topic inconsequential to religion. Rococo: xaggerated movement and clear, effectively deciphered detail to deliver show, strain, extravagance, and loftiness  In Baroque model, gatherings of figures expected new significance, and there was a unique development and vitality of human forms†they spiraled around a vacant focal vortex, or ventured outwards into the encompassing space. In this paper I mean on considering and making an examination between 4 fine arts altogether; 2 Baroque pieces and 2 pieces that have a place from the Renaissance time frame. Both the periods began in Italy and afterward spread over the greater part of Europe with time. The Renaissance was a development that began in Florence, during the fourteenth century and kept going roughly till the seventeenth century. It influenced and changed Europe socially and henceforth impacted the fine art being delivered. Specialists strived to accomplish increasingly humanistic and sensible portrayals. They further investigated straight point of view and concentrated on showing human feelings. The Baroque time frame began after the Renaissance time frame, generally around the seventeenth century, in Rome. The craftsmen inclined towards increasingly serious and dynamic craftsmanship that included overstated movement and subtleties which could be effectively deciphered. This gave the fine arts more vitality and dramatization. The pieces I decided for my first correlation are both equestrian sculptures which were appointed by either the ruler or the state to the individual craftsmen. Both of these figures are memorial show-stoppers and were based on demand. The primary piece from the Renaissance time frame is an equestrian sculpture of Gattamelata while the piece looked over the Baroque time frame is the equestrian sculpture of King Louis XIV. The principal design, the equestrian sculpture of Gattamelata was finished somewhere in the range of 1447 and 1450, during early renaissance. It begins from Pauda, Italy and is produced using Bronze. It was made by Donatello, a very much practiced craftsman of the early renaissance time frame, who was charged to shape a memorial sculpture by the Republic of Venice. It is a real existence size sculpture estimating 12’2† high, made to pay tribute to the hired fighter officer pioneer Erasmo da Narni, following his passing. Erasmo da Narni was one of the best war chiefs (condottieri) of his time and was known as Gattamelata. He is credited the accomplishment of numerous military crusades. The platform under the fundamental sculpture is made of marble has additionally been structured by Donatello. It has 2 reliefs on it towards the top and has two entryways towards the base. One of the reliefs shows fight covering being shown by two holy messengers while the other one shows two Putti (A figure in works of art of a male, normally bare, plump kid) highlighting a crest of the perished. The subsequent model, from the Baroque time frame, to be contrasted with the main bit of craftsmanship is the Equestrian sculpture of lord Louis the XIV, by Gianlorenzo Bernini. The lord, Louis the Great, himself had appointed Bernini to make an equestrian sculpture of him. The genuine model is produced using marble and was not etched by Bernini, as he couldn't do so given his time of more than 73 years. The earthenware model anyway was finished by him. He began taking a shot at it in 1669 and completed it in a year, by 1670. The model is 76 cm tall and was made in Rome, Italy. Ruler Louis XIV was otherwise called Louis the incredible and his reign over France was one of the longest in the entirety of Europe. The distinction in these two figures emerges quickly from how the importance of the topic contrasts and how the force in their ownership shifts. The main model is of a condotteri while the subsequent figure is of a ruler. The loftiness of the subsequent model consequently is increasingly common in the workmanship piece. The equestrian sculpture of Gattamelata passes on the war captain’s authority and splendor through utilization of feelings. Erasmo has a genuine appearance all over and he watches out in the far separation to a point of convergence. So also the pony seems caution and prepared for the fight to come. Its head is inclined to a similar side Erasmo is taking a gander at and the situation of its legs suggests movement. Profound investigation and perception of human and pony life systems is clear from the figure and shows how specialists during the renaissance time frame focused on a more elevated level of humanism and authenticity in their work of art. Different types of imagery is additionally used to communicate and pass on messages. The front left foot of the pony lays on a sphere, which is an old image for command over the earth. Erasmo conveys a blade and a stick to show his association with the military and his administration. As opposed to the accuracy and efficient discernment of Italian Renaissance elegance, Baroque craftsmanship and engineering are dynamic, dramatic, and profoundly fancy. What's more, he pounded out a MEANING for the stone. â€Å"That’s the Peak of Virtue. The Divine King Louis, similar to Hercules before him, went to an intersection down underneath. There he needed to pick between the Primrose Path or the Rocky Climb. He picked the troublesome one and now here he has arrived at the Peak, which is the Temple of Virtue or Glory. † On one side there are two putti highlighting an emblem of the perished bogus entryways, which represent ways to the black market. This gives the landmark a feeling of a burial place the ponies foot, for instance is on a circle, the antiquated image for authority over the earth The human figure and the pony both in this model are of life-size and Donatello utilizes outward appearances and feelings that are shown through Erasmo to pass on the heiarchy and the force he has. Donatello utilized feeling, position, and imagery to pass on a similar message. In this way, Donatello says something of the intensity of the genuine individual; he doesn't have to decorate or make more amazing whom Gattamelata was †the basic delineation of the genuine man is sufficient to pass on his capacity. wed old style point of reference with his own extreme, interestingly visionary authenticity to create a landmark that would outperform all past such works, therefore address the ages and the crowd of his age. the Gattamelata walks into the void of the square, encapsulating oneself made, endeavoring person that so dazzled the Renaissance. Gattamelata rides in wonderful control, the cudgel of order crossing his horse’s neck. Pony and rider are alert, in order as veteran campaigners come to be  Their heads are gone conclusively aside, towards an observer seeing from the west, their look coordinated towards a point of convergence out there. The pony and rider are immediately solidified on march, the feeling of dynamic force contained is passed on to a limited extent by stirrups, which gives the rider his predominant â€Å"seat† and the five pointed star spike at the focal point of the pony framing a vertical line down the focal point of the sculpture adjusted by the horizontality of the marble base. Dontatello’s enthusiasm for life structures just as his affectability to physiognomy served him well. Our eyes are attracted to the gag, shorter and more huge than that of Marcus Aurelius’ horse, strung with veins, nostrils flared †an indication of physical work. A throbbing vitality is additionally passed on by the open mouth, where the harness would interface the bit to the rider’s hands. The harness is depicted in the first bronze sculpture however doesn't show up in the cast. Notice the angling peak of the neck, which Degas never aced, and the muscles of the neck, which, through the smallest projection and downturn, appear to move under skin, which swells from the turning of the head. The popping veins in the neck are caught similar to the hard projections, specifically the survey, the territory between the ears, one of which gleams behind, mindful to the orders of its rider. [ 1 ]. Donatellos Gattamelata and Its Humanist Audience, Bergstein, Mary [ 2 ]. Gardener’s workmanship through ages, Fred S. Kleiner [ 3 ]. Equestrian landmark of Erasmo da Narni, called Gattamelata, Mary Ann Sullivan [ 4 ]. Web display of workmanship

Traveling Through the Dark Essay Example for Free

Going Through the Dark Essay Rundown: A man finds a gunned down deer along the edge of the street while going through a wilderness. He further gets discouraged to discover the deer pregnant. As he needs to push ahead on his way, so he drives the deer into the waterway. Rework: I went over a deer in favor of Wilson River Road while I was going through the shadowy wilderness. Because of the sparkle of backdrop illumination, I leaped out of vehicle and found a hill of a deer that was executed as of late. Â She was practically dead as her body was solidified. While pulling her aside, I understood that she was pregnant. While contacting her side with my fingers, I came to know the explanation behind her enormous mid-region. Her side was warm and her baby was lying alive in her gut yet never to take birth. I was hesitant to proceed onward further on this rough street. Vehicle planned to push ahead as it darkened it leaving lights and strong motor hummed under the hat. I situated myself by the light emissions warm fumes fan that was turning hot. I had the option to consider the boondocks spy on my gathering. I attempted to focus on this for the entirety of my gathering individuals yet just I was swinging over. At that point I pushed on the deer on the verge and slammed it into the stream.

Habitual Offender Laws in Alabama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ongoing Offender Laws in Alabama - Essay Example While Erwin Chemerinsky attempts to demonstrate that the three strikes law doesn't generally work and the craziness of applying it to the Leandro Andrade and other peaceful offenses, Helland and Tabarrok have evaluated that it adequately discourages just as debilitates both delicate center and in-your-face guilty parties, by lessening wrongdoing between 17-20 percent. It is exorbitant since the normal wrongdoer under three strikes law goes through in any event 20 years in jail. All things considered, it forestalls in any event 31,000 wrongdoings every year by saving crooks off the roads for longer terms. Presentation The three strikes law is a law that permits State Courts to force a lifelong incarceration with plausibility of parole for individuals who have been indicted for at least three violations of savage or genuine nature. It was well known during the 1990s yet has been censured recently - it doesn't take into account judges to take a gander at the conditions of the case and l et the discipline fit the wrongdoing. Conversation It appears that three strikes law is another type of required condemning, and those rules were tossed out of the window by the Supreme Court in 2005 (MSNBC News Website, 2005). Composing against the routine guilty parties law in California, Harvard graduate and Constitutional Law master Erwin Chemerinsky’s article entitled ‘Is California’s Three Strikes Mandatory Sentencing Law Cruel and Unusual Punishment?’ contends against the Three Strikes Law in the light of three or four cases. Leandro Andrade was condemned to 50 years or two back to back terms of 25 years each due to taking kids’ tapes on two separate events the all out estimation of which was $153. Since he had two earlier feelings, the appointed authority chose to slap a lawful offense on him-rather than a crime that conveyed an a lot lesser sentence. The principle impulse for change has originated from FAMM or Families Against Mandatory Sen tencing, which expresses that these laws are persistent and pass sentence just based on the weight and kind of medication a guilty party has (FAMM, 2012) The Law has obviously settled that terribly unbalanced disciplines are brutal and unordinary and disregard the Eighth Amendment. In Atkins v. Virginia (2002) the Court had decided that the Eighth Amendment briefly precludes over the top approvals. What is to be taken a gander at is (1) the gravity of the offense and the cruelty of the punishment; (2) sentences forced on different hoodlums in a similar region and (3) sentences forced on lawbreakers for a similar wrongdoing submitted in different zones. In Coker v. Georgia (1977) it was decided that the sentence of death endorsed for assault was terribly unbalanced and over the top as far as the Eighth Amendment. So also in Solem it was contended that to convict a man to life detainment for passing an awful check for $100 and six earlier lighter and peaceful offenses was unlawful and over the top. Both the Helm and Andrade cases were peaceful offenses and included sums under $400, which isolates great burglary from trivial robbery. By taking a gander at earlier records, the three strikes law is rebuffing a criminal for earlier offenses for which he has just spent time in jail. It could be maintained if sensible men upheld the choice, however no sensible man will. Writing on the side of the three strikes law in Does Three Strikes Deter? Eric Helland and Alex Tabarrok (2007) express that this law was ordered in California in March 1994.

Commemorative Speech

Today, I'm going to reveal to you why I'm pleased to share the historical backdrop of the Soccer Ball and the adoration for the lovely game. Sick. The majority of you know about the glad legacy that the round of soccer has become in our nation, yet around the globe. ‘V. Today, I will remember the Soccer Ball and the adoration for the wonderful round of Soccer. I need to impart to every one of you about our pleased history and legacy, and talk about actually what working and living with you folks has intended to me these previous three years. Progress: First, I might want to impart to you the astonishing history of the round of Soccer. ) Body l. Since the beginning, people have delighted in kicking a ball or something like a ball. A. As per recorded references and legends, early balls extended from human heads, creature or human skulls, to creature bladders. B. It wasn't until 1855, when Charles Goodyear planned and fabricated the principal elastic soccer ball. C. From that poin t forward, at regular intervals another ball is planned extraordinarily for the World Cup. II. B.Due to their specific preparing, the men of second Ranger Battalion were picked to lead procedure on June 6, 1944 during the Invasion of Normandy. ll. The Invasion of Normandy is ostensibly one of the most celebrated and most prominent accomplishments the men f second Ranger Battalion picked up reputation for. A. During the Invasion of Normandy, the second Ranger Battalion was part in two and sent on two unique missions. Sick. One of these gatherings was send to Omaha Beach. endeavor to finish the crucial nation asked of them. B.They confronted substantial firearm fire, mortar assaults, and overwhelming setbacks as they ran up the sea shore to quell the German shelters. IV. The other gathering of men were entrusted with scaling the bluffs of Point Du Hoc to decimate 1 55 mm weapons. A. These men scaled precipices utilizing catching snares and rope stepping stools while gunfire and hand p rojectiles came down over them. B. When these men arrived at the highest point of the bluffs, they held their situation for two days against overwhelming German counter assaults while just 33% of them were left remaining toward the end still ready to fght. V.Both of these examples offer pride to the association. A. These men gazed passing in the face and battled against it for more prominent's benefit. B. Regardless of being vigorously overpowered with the chances stacked against them, these Rangers utilized their preparation, creativity, and mental fortitude to finish the mission. (Progress: When I consider the history I have Just talked about and take a gander at all of you tanding here, I see a similar sort of man before me that I have Just depicted to you. ) l. Since I can recollect that, I have viewed a soccer ball being kicked around.A. Each Sunday, I would wake up and soccer would be on TV. I would sit by my father and watch the games with him. B. There were times when we wou ld proceed to kick the ball around as opposed to watching it on TV. C. This was our dad little girl time and I adored it. D. Indeed, even now, being a long way from my dad, we despite everything bond through soccer whether it be discussing games or when I get back home and visit go watch a game. E. It is a ymbolic figure and portrayal to the best countries on the planet 1. No other game has a similar effect as the World Cup.Entire nations come to a standstill to watch games. 2. Indeed, even the individuals who arent fans can and ought to value that the World Cup is definitely in excess of a simple rivalry. During the following year, a huge number of individuals will commend a common enthusiasm and, as a result of it, maybe fret somewhat less over the things that divide them. That is a lovely and very uncommon thing. Regardless of whether we don't communicate in one another's dialects, don't generally acknowledge and espect each other's societies, religions, governmental issues and w ay of life decisions, â€Å"Goal! is a word that reverberates Joyfully and is comprehended from Beijing to Bogota, Sydney to Seattle. No other game addresses such a significant number of. The game's cross-fringe, cross-culture, cross-division comprehensiveness is the thing that makes the World Cup so uncommon, a festival not of 22 players on a pitch however of all who watch them. F. At long last, everything I can say is that all of you hold my most profound and most earnest deference. (Progress: I feel pride not just in light of the fact that I am a piece of an association with such a suffering and pleased history, but since of the men remaining before me right Conclusion 1 .The World Cup is an occasion loaded up with individual stories, national pride, and awful minutes, and one year from now in Brazil will be the same. Despite the fact that these have been the hardest and most hopeless occasions of my life, I wouldn't transform it for anything. A. To be a piece of such a glad ass ociation, and to have invested this energy with you all is indispensable. B. It has been a respect and a benefit to serve in second Ranger Battalion and to have served close to the best and most intrepid individuals I have ever met in my life. C. Much obliged to you for the recollections. II. Officers Lead The Way! Memorial Speech Today, I'm going to reveal to you why I'm glad to share the historical backdrop of the Soccer Ball and the affection for the delightful game. Sick. The vast majority of you know about the pleased legacy that the round of soccer has become in our nation, yet around the globe. ‘V. Today, I will recognize the Soccer Ball and the adoration for the lovely round of Soccer. I need to impart to every one of you about our glad history and legacy, and talk about by and by what working and living with you all has intended to me these previous three years. Progress: First, I might want to impart to you the stunning history of the round of Soccer. ) Body l. Since the beginning, people have delighted in kicking a ball or something like a ball. A. As per authentic references and legends, early balls ran from human heads, creature or human skulls, to creature bladders. B. It wasn't until 1855, when Charles Goodyear structured and constructed the main elastic soccer ball. C. From that point for ward, at regular intervals another ball is planned extraordinarily for the World Cup. II. B.Due to their specific preparing, the men of second Ranger Battalion were picked to lead procedure on June 6, 1944 during the Invasion of Normandy. ll. The Invasion of Normandy is ostensibly one of the most renowned and most prominent accomplishments the men f second Ranger Battalion picked up reputation for. A. During the Invasion of Normandy, the second Ranger Battalion was part in two and sent on two unique missions. Sick. One of these gatherings was send to Omaha Beach. endeavor to finish the strategic nation asked of them. B.They confronted substantial firearm fire, mortar assaults, and overwhelming losses as they ran up the sea shore to curb the German fortifications. IV. The other gathering of men were entrusted with scaling the bluffs of Point Du Hoc to annihilate 1 55 mm weapons. A. These men scaled precipices utilizing catching snares and rope stepping stools while gunfire and hand p rojectiles came down over them. B. When these men arrived at the highest point of the bluffs, they held their situation for two days against overwhelming German counter assaults while just 33% of them were left remaining toward the end still ready to fght. V.Both of these occasions offer pride to the association. A. These men gazed demise in the face and battled against it for more prominent's benefit. B. Regardless of being vigorously overpowered with the chances stacked against them, these Rangers utilized their preparation, resourcefulness, and fortitude to finish the mission. (Change: When I consider the history I have Just talked about and take a gander at all of you tanding here, I see a similar kind of man before me that I have Just depicted to you. ) l. Since I can recall that, I have viewed a soccer ball being kicked around.A. Each Sunday, I would wake up and soccer would be on TV. I would sit by my father and watch the games with him. B. There were times when we would proc eed to kick the ball around as opposed to watching it on TV. C. This was our dad little girl time and I adored it. D. Indeed, even now, being a long way from my dad, we despite everything bond through soccer whether it be discussing games or when I get back home and visit go watch a game. E. It is a ymbolic figure and portrayal to the best countries on the planet 1. No other game has a similar effect as the World Cup.Entire nations come to a standstill to watch games. 2. Indeed, even the individuals who arent fans can and ought to value that the World Cup is undeniably in excess of a minor rivalry. During the following year, a huge number of individuals will commend a mutual energy and, as a result of it, maybe fret somewhat less over the things that divide them. That is a delightful and very uncommon thing. Regardless of whether we don't communicate in one another's dialects, don't generally acknowledge and espect each other's societies, religions, governmental issues and way of li fe decisions, â€Å"Goal! is a word that resounds Joyfully and is comprehended from Beijing to Bogota, Sydney to Seattle. No other game addresses such a large number of. The game's cross-outskirt, cross-culture, cross-division all inclusiveness is the thing that makes the World Cup so exceptional, a festival not of 22 players on a pitch yet of all who watch them. F. At long last, everything I can say is that all of you hold my most profound and most genuine esteem. (Progress: I feel pride not just on the grounds that I am a piece of an association with such a suffering and glad history, but since of the men remaining before me right Conclusion 1 .The World Cup is an occasion loaded up with individual stories, national pride, and awful minutes, and one year from now in Brazil will be the same. In spite of the fact that these have been the hardest and most hopeless occasions of my life, I wouldn't transform it for anything. A. To be a piece of such a pleased association, and to have invested this energy with you folks is imperative. B. It has been a respect and a benefit to serve in second Ranger Battalion and to have served close to the best and most courageous individuals I have ever met in my life. C. Much obliged to you for the recollections. II. Officers Lead The Way!

B. F. Skinner Biography of the Behaviorist Thinker

B. F. Skinner Biography of the Behaviorist Thinker More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Best Known For Biography Inventions   Project Pigeon The Baby Tender Operant Conditioning Schedules of Reinforcement Teaching Machines Later Life and Career Awards and Recognitions Select Publications Contributions B. F. Skinner was an American psychologist best-known for his influence on  behaviorism. Skinner referred to his own philosophy as radical behaviorism and suggested that the concept of free will was simply an illusion. All human action, he instead believed, was the direct result of conditioning. Best Known For Operant conditioningSchedules of ReinforcementSkinner BoxCumulative RecorderRadical Behaviorism Among his many discoveries, inventions, and accomplishments were the creation of the operant conditioning chamber (aka the Skinner Box), his research on schedules of reinforcement, the introduction of response rates as a dependent variable in research, and the creation of the cumulative recorder to track these response rates. In one survey, Skinner was named the most influential psychologist of the twentieth-century. Birth and Death Born: March 20, 1904Died: August 18, 1990 Biography Burrhus Frederic Skinner was born and raised in the small town of Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. His father was a lawyer and his mother a homemaker and he grew up with a brother who was two years his junior. He later described his Pennsylvania childhood as warm and stable. As a boy, he enjoyed building and inventing things; a skill he would later use in his own psychological experiments. His younger brother Edward died at the age of 16 due to a cerebral hemorrhage. During high school, Skinner started to develop an interest in scientific reasoning from his extensive study of the works of Francis Bacon. He went on to receive a B.A. in English literature in 1926 from Hamilton College. After earning his undergraduate degree he decided to become a writer, a period of his life that he would later refer to as the dark year. During this time he wrote only a few short newspaper articles and quickly grew disillusioned with his literary talents, despite receiving some encouragement and mentorship from the famed poet Robert Frost. While working as a clerk at a bookstore, Skinner happened upon the works of Pavlov and Watson, which became a turning point in his life and career. Inspired by these works, Skinner decided to abandon his career as a novelist and entered the psychology graduate program at Harvard University. After receiving his  Ph.D.  from Harvard in 1931, Skinner continued to work at the university for the next five years thanks to a fellowship. During this period of time, he  continued  his research on operant behavior and operant conditioning. He  married Yvonne Blue in 1936, and the couple went on to have two daughters, Julie and Deborah. Inventions   During his time at Harvard, Skinner became interested in studying human behavior in an objective and scientific way. He developed what he referred to as an operant conditioning apparatus, which later become known as a Skinner box. The device was a chamber that contained a bar or key that an animal could press in order to receive food, water, or some other form of reinforcement. It was during this time at Harvard that he also invented the cumulative recorder, a device that recorded responses as a sloped line. By looking at the slope of the line, which indicated the rate of response, Skinner was able to see that response rates depended upon what happened after the animal pressed the bar. That is, higher response rates followed rewards while lower response rates followed a lack of rewards. The device also allowed Skinner to see that the schedule of reinforcement that was used also influenced the rate of response. Using this device, he found that behavior did not depend on the preceding stimulus as Watson and Pavlov maintained. Instead, Skinner found that behaviors were dependent on what happens after the response. Skinner called this operant behavior. Project Pigeon Skinner took a teaching position at the University of Minnesota following his marriage. While teaching at the University of Minnesota and during the height of World War II, Skinner became interested in helping with the war effort. He received funding for a project that involved training pigeons to guide bombs since no missile guidance systems existed at the time. In Project Pigeon, as it was called, pigeons were placed in the nose cone of a missile and were trained to peck at a target that would then direct the missile toward the intended target. The project never came to fruition, since the development of radar was also underway, although Skinner had considerable success working with the pigeons. While the project was eventually canceled, it did lead to some interesting findings and Skinner was even able to teach the pigeons to play ping-pong. The Baby Tender In 1943, B.F. Skinner also invented the baby tender at the request of his wife. It is important to note that the baby tender is not the same as the Skinner box, which was used in Skinners experimental research. He created the enclosed heated crib with a plexiglass window in response to his wifes request for a safer alternative to traditional cribs. Ladies Home Journal printed an article on the crib with the title Baby in a Box, contributing in part to some misunderstanding over the cribs intended use. A later incident also led to further misunderstandings over Skinners baby crib. In her 2004 book Opening Skinners Box: Great Psychology Experiments of the Twentieth Century, author Lauren Slater mentioned the oft-cited rumor that  the baby tender was actually used as an experimental device.?? The rumors were that Skinners daughter had served as a subject and that she had committed suicide as a result. Slaters book pointed out that this was nothing more than a rumor, but a later review of the book mistakenly stated that her book supported the claims. This led to an angry and passionate rebuttal of the rumors by Skinners very much alive and well daughter Deborah. In 1945, Skinner moved to Bloomington, Indiana and became Psychology Department Chair at the University of Indiana. In 1948, he joined the psychology department at Harvard University where he remained for the rest of his life. Operant Conditioning In Skinners operant conditioning process, an operant referred to any behavior that acts on the environment and leads to consequences. He contrasted operant behaviors (the actions under our control) with respondent behaviors, which he described as anything that occurs reflexively or automatically such as jerking your finger back when you accidentally touch a hot pan. Skinner identified reinforcement as any event that strengthens the behavior it follows. The two types of reinforcement he identified were positive reinforcement (favorable outcomes such as reward or praise) and negative reinforcement (the removal of unfavorable outcomes). Punishment can also play an important role in the operant conditioning process. According to Skinner, punishment is the application of an adverse outcome that decreases or weakens the behavior it follows. Positive punishment involves presenting an unfavorable outcome (prison, spanking, scolding) while negative punishment involves removing a favorable outcome following a behavior (taking away a favorite toy, getting grounded). Schedules of Reinforcement In his research on operant conditioning, Skinner also discovered and described schedules of reinforcement: Fixed-ratio schedulesVariable-ratio schedulesFixed-interval schedulesVariable-interval schedules Teaching Machines Skinner also developed an interest in education and teaching after attending his daughters math class in 1953. Skinner noted that none of the students received any sort of  immediate feedback on their performance. Some students struggled and were unable to complete the problems while others finished quickly but really didnt learn anything new. Instead, Skinner believed that the best approach would be to create some sort of device that would shape behavior, offering incremental feedback until a desired response was achieved. He started by developing a math teaching machine that offered immediate feedback after each problem. However, this initial device did not actually teach new skills. Eventually, he was able to develop a machine that delivered incremental feedback and presented material in a series of small steps until students acquired new skills, a process known as programmed instruction. Skinner later published a collection of his writings on teaching and education titled The Technology of Teaching. Later Life and Career Skinners  research and writing quickly made him one of the leaders of the behaviorist movement in psychology and his work contributed immensely to the development of experimental psychology. Drawing on his former literary career, Skinner also used fiction to present many of his theoretical ideas. In his 1948 book Walden Two, Skinner described a fictional utopian society in which people were trained to become ideal citizens through the use of operant conditioning. His 1971 book Beyond Freedom and Dignity  also made him a lightning rod for controversy since his work seemed to imply that humans did not truly possess free will. His 1974 book About Behaviorism was written in part to dispel many of the rumors about his theories and research. In his later years, Skinner continued to write about his life and his theories. He was diagnosed with leukemia in 1989. Just eight days before he died, Skinner was given a lifetime achievement award by the American Psychological Association and he delivered a 15-minute talk to a crowded auditorium when he accepted the award. He died on August 18, 1990. Awards and Recognitions 1966 Edward Lee Thorndike Award, American Psychological Association1968 - National Medal of Science from President Lyndon B. Johnson1971 - Gold Medal of the American Psychological Foundation1972 - Human of the Year Award1990 - Citation for Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology Select Publications Skinner, B. F. (1935) Two types of conditioned reflex and a pseudo type Journal of General Psychology, 12, 66-77.Skinner, B. F. (1938) Superstition’ in the pigeon Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 168-172.Skinner, B. F. (1950) Are theories of learning necessary? Psychological Review, 57, 193-216.Skinner, B. F. (1971) Beyond Freedom and DignitySkinner, B. F. (1989) The Origins of Cognitive Thought Recent Issues in the Analysis of Behavior, Merrill Publishing Company. Contributions to  Psychology Skinner was a prolific author, publishing nearly 200 articles and more than 20 books. In a 2002 survey of psychologists, he was identified as the most influential 20th-century psychologist. While behaviorism is no longer a dominant school of thought, his work in operant conditioning remains vital today. Mental health professionals often utilize operant techniques when working with clients, teachers frequently use reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior in the classroom, and animal trainers rely heavily on these techniques to train dogs and other animals. Skinners remarkable legacy has left both a lasting mark on psychology and numerous other fields ranging from philosophy to education.

Inspired Relevancy Podcast 165

   Podcast 164 began the first of a three-part conversation about relevancy. The first segment focused on the highest form of relevancy—intrinsic relevancy. Intrinsic relevancy relates to something that a person is born with and is a natural extension of that person. In Podcast 165 the conversation continues, this time Andrew and Julie discuss something Andrew Pudewa has termed â€Å"inspired relevancy.† While intrinsic relevancy comes in as the strongest of the four forms of relevancy, inspired relevancy is only a small step away and can actually be a very effective way to motivate students to learn. Inspired relevancy may be demonstrated in a child who gains a new interest in a subject, whether it be soccer, stamps, sailing, or something else, simply because his best friend is interested in it as well. Astute parents and teachers can leverage inspired relevancy to encourage engaged learning in their students. One way to accomplish this is to find subject matter that is intrinsically interesting to the students and use that to capture their interest. Another way to inspire students is to model for them what you wish them to do, for example, writing, doing math, or eating healthy foods. By showing your students that you value something, you help them to value it as well. Would you like to learn more about how you can harness inspired relevancy in your classroom or home? Listen to the podcast for additional information and tips about this fascinating subject. Perhaps it will inspire you!

VAX Computer Work Together with VAXclusters - 885 Words

VAXclusters is made to be used by using many VAX computers so that all these systems could work together and operate as one unit. Professionals are making new programs so that updated working could be obtained through VAXclusters. Users of VAXclusters are able to have speed for almost 70MB per second which is able to handle nearly 3000 messages in one second. It means that users of VAXclusters are able to have high sending and receiving of messages in this system. Multiprocessors are tightly coupled in VAXclusters and distributed systems are loosely coupled so that users could get instant results. Professionals are installing and updating programs in VAXclusters so that desired results can be obtained by users. Professionals had a goal in mind to make a system with VAX computers which will be available for users in order to process their queries with great speed and accuracy. Continued working and research gave birth to a new system which is known as VAXclusters. All data is stored in a large sized hard disk and users of VAXclusters have access to this storage of data for getting benefits. VAXclusters is available for users all the time and it is easy to extend this system as it is made in such a manner to have easy installations of systems and programs for better performance. Professionals are available and working on VAXclusters for increasing the scope of working and providing more areas for users. Much advancement have made in old models so that new VAXclusters couldShow MoreRelatedThe Cambridge distributed computing system has performed an essential role in enhancing the quality1900 Words   |  8 Pagescommunications via computers. By using processing techniques instant outcomes could be acquired which may make it feasible to deliver and obtain data anytime as well as storage might be carried out in the preferred method. Sophisticated technology has created it feasible for people to get computers within their ownership and obtain the b est outcomes for communications. The Cambridge distributed computing system is useful in producing connections among various kinds of computers regarding fast functioning

Essay on Critical Incident - 1728 Words

Within this essay, the author will reflect on a critical incident using a reflective model. In order to guide the author undertake this reflection, Johns (2002) reflective model will be utilised. As the first stage of Johns reflective model asks for the description of the event, the descriptive part will be attached (see appendix A). In accordance with the NMC Code of Professional Conduct (2008) the names of the individual involved have been changed using pseudonym in the form of James, Jennifer and Christina for the purpose of maintaining confidentiality. This reflection has been chosen as it has shown the author the inadequacies on her part as a student nurse. Also to highlight the need for the author and professionals to have an†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, upon assessing Christina I noticed that she was experiencing breathlessness and showing signs of distress. According to Kisiel and Perkins (2006) recording vital observation is an important aspect of nursing care as this provides the physiological state of the patient. At this point my main priority was to assess the patient’s baseline. I also felt it was unnecessary to disturb Christina with questions regarding her history and identity. As this could have leaded the patient become more breathlessness. However, I was distracted by the patient’s breathlessness and distress. Therefore the consequence of my actions was that I wrote the vital signs on the wrong chart. The lack of proper documentation could have lead a negative impact on the patient health and can ultimately cause fatal consequences. The NMC (2008) requires practitioners to make correct documentation as this could cause dangerous consequences for patients and result in further disciplinary action. Looking back, Nurse James would have been held accountable for my action. The NMC (2008) clearly states that a registered nurse is obligated to ensure the safety of patients at all times. On the other hand, as a student I may be held responsible by the university and possible could face being penalised (Pellat 2006). Upon reflection I feel that as a student nurse at advanced stage of my training I was not able to work under pressure and multitask. I should have been ableShow MoreRelatedCritical Incidents Of Academic Institutions870 Words   |  4 Pages Critical Incidents in Academic Institutions The critical incident technique is used to gather and analyze an employees behavior through methods such as observation and interviews (Andersson Nilsson,1964). This technique is useful in collecting information regarding behavior that amounts to successful or unsuccessful in a performance (Peterson, Jeanneret, 2007). The procedures utilized in the critical incident technique allows for the similarities, differences and patterns of behaviors to beRead MoreA Critical Incident At The Dunmore Senior Center938 Words   |  4 PagesContext of the incident This report will outline a critical incident which occurred in 2014 at the Dunmore Senior Center. The incident narrated by the executive director of the center Jeanne Hugenbruch. The incident was initiated by the secretary and one of the senior members, when two of the seniors started arguing angrily and loudly with each other. At that day, fortuitously the executive director was not at the center which made the secretary the person who was in charge to handle the issue. DetailsRead MoreEssay Critical Incident Assignment4588 Words   |  19 PagesPortfolio – A description and analysis of up to 3 critical incidents encountered on school Experience A that you consider to be teaching dilemmas In this assignment, I will analyse and reflect on a critical incident that I was confronted with during school experience A (here after will be referred to as SEA). I will reflect on the implications that my critical incident has had on my practice and I will relate it to theory. In addition, I will make reference to four approaches of analysis whichRead More Reflection Upon A Critical Incident Essay2677 Words   |  11 PagesThis paper will reflect upon and explore a critical incident which occurred whilst attending a clinical placement. Reflective practice has become very popular over the last few decades throughout a variety of professions. In some professions it has become one of the defining features of competence. The wide spread utilization of reflective practice is due to the fact that it ‘rings true’ (Loughran, 2000). Within different disciplines, what is understood by reflective practice varies considerablyRead MoreCritical Incident1756 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION The reason for this essay is to reflect on a critical incident that took place during my three week placement as a student nurse at Foster ward in Ankaful Psychiatric Hospital. The incident chosen is on language barrier in communication. This incident has made an impact on me due to the fact that effective communication is key to patient health outcomes and language has influence on effective communication. . There are various reflective models written by various theorists and theyRead MoreCritical Incident3681 Words   |  15 PagesCritical Incident A Reflective Essay Rich Parker 2001 defines critical incidents as snapshots of something that happens to a patient, their family or healthcare professional. It may be something positive, or it could be a situation where someone has suffered in some way. Reflecting on critical incidents will allow me to explore and analyse incidents and how it has affects me and what I hope to do with these effects in the course of my training towards becoming a registered practitioner. ItRead MoreA Critical Incident During The Theatre During A Knee Orif Surgical Procedure Essay2147 Words   |  9 PagesIn November 2015 , during the first block of clinical placement , a critical incident occurred in the theatre during a knee ORIF surgical procedure . The procedure involves re-alignment of broken bones which are held together by surgical implants such as metal plate , rod , and screws . The team involved in the procedure were an orthopaedic surgeon , a consultant , an anaesthetist , a theatre nurse , a scrub nurse , a radiographer , and a student radiographer . During the procedure , the patientRead MoreCritical Incident Report3661 Words   |  15 PagesCritical Incident Report Executive Summary This report describes a dissatisfying service incident and analyses the incident helping to develop recommendations for the serviced provider. The report integrates the description of an incident, a critical analysis of the incident, including and examinations of the service quality gaps model. Customer gap: dimensions, types of encounters and sources of displeasure and Providers Gaps 1, 3 and 4. The objective of this report is to analyse the criticalRead MoreA Critical Incident At University1995 Words   |  8 Pageswill be reflecting on critical incidents and their impact in order to develop as a healthcare professional. Using the Gibbs cycle I will describe the situation, how it made me feel, analyse what happened, evaluate the incident, before finally concluding and devising an action plan for the future (Jasper, 2015). I hope by reflecting on these incidents and my strengths and weaknesses it will support my goal of becoming a holistic healthcare professional. The first critical incident at university happenedRead MoreCritical Incident Scenario Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Incident Scenario The critical incident that I will be explaining about is regarding an eight-year-old girl currently a student at Victory Independent School District (VISD). This student wrote on her class journal that her uncle was touching her in her private parts when no one was watching. The teacher was so confused to what to do when he read Bianca’s journal, especially because he was wondering if it was appropriate for him to ask her questions about it. The teacher was concern

America Doesn’t Need More Welfare Checks Essay - 1042 Words

America Doesn’t Need More Welfare Checks nbsp; The United States recently experienced one of the greatest booms in our economic history. More people were working than ever before. People were buying houses at a faster rate than they have in decades. Yet there were many people still living from paycheck to paycheck, or welfare check to welfare check. The subject of welfare stirs different passions in different people. Some say that those who are on welfare should be taken off, with no hope of survival afterward. They should support themselves, these people say. Others believe that these welfare recipients should be able to stay on the rolls indefinitely. I think that people who are on welfare, who are physically capable to work,†¦show more content†¦He had applied all over the city, trying to find work but had no luck. They were forced to go on welfare because his unemployment had run out. A man such as this should be required to work, but the state and local governments should assist him in finding a job, then train him so he will be able to not only keep the job he has but also go on to a better one, thereby taking himself and his family off of the rolls. This is not only a sensible thing to do, but it is the most humane way to help welfare recipients and eventually lessen welfare enrollment altogether. nbsp; By requiring people on welfare to work, and assisting them to get low-paying jobs if nothing else, the state and local governments give the people incentive to get better paying jobs and keep them. I read an article once that showed the correlation between government-assisted welfare workers and full-time permanent employment of those same workers later. I firmly believe that people will help and support themselves if given a decent chance. This country is founded on the idea of self-sufficiency. We are taught this in the public schools from the first day. We are trained not to cheat, not to steal answers from another persons paper, and not to depend on others to do our work for us. It seems to be an innate human quality that people want to rely on upon themselves and achieve goals on their own. When people who are down on their luck are given a helping hand, often they will move fromShow MoreRelatedWelfare Is A Good Idea1518 Words   |  7 Pages Welfare is a good idea that financially helps those in need and provides people with an income when they are unable to earn a monthly wage; however, when this system is abused it is no longer efficient. Welfare was intended for people who are permanently disabled mentally or physically and are unable to work, but welfare has become an option for every American, even those who do not want to work but are capable of doing so. The American Economy has started to decline because of this dueRead MoreThe Issue Of Welfare And Welfare1360 Words   |  6 Pagessocial security payment. This is essentially what welfare is. Welfare comes in all different shapes and sizes but its main focus is to take money from taxes and hand it out to the people who need it. Now welfare as a whole is a very understandable system and is very helpful to those who fall out of work and need a little help to sustain themselves while they get back on their feet. However, people are living on welfare and wi ll always live on welfare until the government makes improvements within itsRead MoreThe Misuse of Welfare in America1317 Words   |  6 PagesA Look at the Flaws of the American Welfare System The lessons of history, confirmed by evidence immediately before me, show conclusively that continued dependence on relief induces a spiritual and moral disintegration fundamentally destructive to the national fiber. To dole out relief in this way is to administer a narcotic, a subtle destroyer of the human spirit. It is inimical to the dictates of sound policy. It is a violation of the traditions of America. -Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1935Read MoreEssay on Welfare1280 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare â€Å"Welfare, it is on just about everyone’s mind, whether it is Medicare or the Aid to Families with Dependent Children, which is also called the AFDC. Some believe there is too much and others think there is too little. As the years go by, the need for welfare reform increases.†(Sara) Welfare is constantly being taken advantage of, and it needs to be reformed to solve this problem. Welfare in its current state is a tremendous drain on our economy. With reform, we can keep our economyRead MoreInequality and Redistribution1384 Words   |  5 PagesInequality and Redistribution Income inequality in America is higher than in any other industrial nation in the world. Many believe this creates serious problems for both United States citizens and its economy. The inequality difference is continually getting larger and worsening these problems. Over the past three decades America’s economy has seen continuous growth; but this is accompanied with no increase in purchasing power for poor and middle class citizens. On the other hand, incomes ofRead MoreThe World s Total Fertility Rate1505 Words   |  7 PagesOne is Expecting convinced me the world doesn’t have an overpopulation problem by explaining how economics is a major cause of the lowered fertility rates, and consequently, because there are less babies, the economy will take the biggest hit. Today, in America, the TFR stands at 1.93 and continues to fall. However, the average American couple believes 2.5 is the ideal number of kids to have during their lifetime. How can this be? If Americans want to have more children, why does the TFR continue toRead MoreGun Laws And Gun Control1584 Words   |  7 Pages Guns in the U.S has been a problem for many years now. So much so that America is what comes to mind when people think about guns. America is the most known nation in the world when it comes to firearms, with citizens owning about an astonishing 270 million of the world’s 875 million firearms(Marshall). That is thirty percent on the world registered firearms. The reason why Americans own so may guns comes down to the second Amendment, which claims, â€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessaryRead More Federalist 10 Essay713 Words   |  3 PagesThe government created by the Constitution controls the damage caused by such factions. The likelihood that public office will be held by qualified men is greater in large countries because there will be more representative chosen by a greater number of citizens. Power is distributed in a checks and balance format, making it difficult for factions to completely take over. Madison’s views on faction are still relevant and exercised frequently even after 200 years have passed. James Madison’sRead More The Working Poor in America Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe Working Poor in America The United States, a place where anyone can â€Å"pick themselves up by the bootstraps† and realize the American dream of a comfortable lifestyle. Well, for over 30 million Americans this is no longer possible. Though we live in the richest and most powerful country in the world there are many who are living under or at the precipice of the poverty level, â€Å"While the United States has enjoyed unprecedented affluence, low-wage employees have been testing the American doctrineRead MoreDrugs And Drugs Essay1768 Words   |  8 Pagesfor free, in the form of a monthly welfare check, rent, food stamps, health insurance and sometimes childcare. This same person can use their welfare check for whatever they want, including: cigarettes, alcohol, and yes even narcotics. Meanwhile a single mother of two will struggle to pay all her bills and feed her children for the reason that she makes ten dollars over the poverty limit. Given that the tax dollars from our paycheck support those on the welfare system, how fair is it that one person

Benefits And Costs Of Immigration - 927 Words

Benefits and costs of immigration When it comes to the topic of immigration, most of us will readily agree that both illegal and legal immigration is an issue in the United States. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of the economy. Whereas some are convinced that the United States economy benefits from both illegal and legal migration, others maintain there are costs in allowing immigration. Increased immigration would expand the American work force, and encourage more business start-ups. However, American anti-immigrant groups have long feared the possibility that immigrants drive native born workers out of jobs. With that being said, an immigrant policy focused on increasing economic growth would seek ways to admit more immigrants with the advanced education levels desired by domestic employers. Millions of immigrants migrate to the United States to escape the political repression that is taking place in their homeland. So immigrants choose to migrate to the United States because of the prospect of economic betterment. According to â€Å"Immigration† an article by Helmut Anheier, â€Å"immigrants compare wage rates and unemployment rates in their countries of origin as well as in potential destination countries.† Immigrants see the wage gap, therefore, they decide to migrate to the United States for greater good job opportunities. The job opportunities in America intrigue immigrants, so they migrate here to find work and make a new living. There are aShow MoreRelatedThe Cost of Illegal Imigration Essays1560 Words   |  7 Pagesas the great nation we are. The struggle I speak of is not immigration but illegal immigration. Illegal immigrants have caused a struggle politically, in the government and have affected you even in your own schools and work. We must rectify the immigration system to help our predicament because the effects of illegal immigration may surprise you. One of the largest disadvantages of allowing illegal immigrants in our country is the cost. They take great sums of money away from taxpayers and ourRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1481 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose Statement Illegal immigration can cause substantial tension on the current economic configuration in a country. However, it can also, assist the said configurations by providing cheap and effective manpower at the same time. Contemporary study on political opinions concerning immigration frequently pits points of view highlighting economic self-interest versus cultural or ideological rationalization. They (studies) are also based on the particular immigration policy at hand at the time,Read MoreLegalization For Hard Working Immigrants890 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration has become a very relevant topic in the past few years and has sparked various arguments between Americans. No agreement has been reached regarding immigration reform, possibly because many people view it as an immediate amnesty rather than a possibility of legalization for hard-working immigrants. Despite of the negative meaning associated with it, an immigration reform would be beneficial to the U.S. in social aspects, such as having undivided families, and by stimulating economic growthRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Are Good For The Economy Of The United States1250 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysts, government officials, as well as scholars have sought to ascertain the political, social, and economic impacts of the illegal immigrants (Hanson 11). Particularly, there has been raging debate regarding the economic impact of illegal immigration to the United States of America. It has become a matter of debate and study as it relates considerably to the nation’s politics and economy. At the centre of this debate is the question of whether illegal immigrants are good or bad to the economyRead MoreIn Search of a Dream Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact on American life, they contribute new productivity-enhancing ideas to industry and science, and they win Nobel prizes. According to a professor at Chapman University’s law school in California, Francine Lipman, the belief that illegal immigrants cost US citizens more than they give contribute to them is â€Å"demonstrably false† and evidence is justifying this. Lipman wrote that the undocumented workers, which form 5% of the worker population in the U .S. live in households where the average annual incomeRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1301 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The US Council of Economic Advisers on Immigration s Economic Impact. Population and Development Review, 33. 3, (2007), 641. Web. Feb. 2017. Immigration remains the subject of significant public and political debate in the United States. In May and June of 2007, a lot of public attention was concentrated on a debate in the U.S congress on legislation. The bill in front of the senate formally named the â€Å"Secure Borders, Economic Opportunity and Immigration Reform Act of 2007,† was controversialRead MoreThe New Colossus By Emma Lazarus955 Words   |  4 Pagesit is left unregulated, it can have many adverse affects. Preview: Today, I will be addressing how illegal immigration impacts us and I will be introducing a policy to address the problem. Transition to first main point: To start, there are multiple problems that result from illegal immigration. Body: Population levels have risen drastically, partially due to increased illegal immigration activity, that affects the job market for Americans. According to Jens Krogstad and Jeffrey Passel, seniorRead MoreThe Issue Of Illegal Immigrants1441 Words   |  6 Pagescalled ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is the reason that American citizen’s highly debate and criticize illegal immigration, arguing that illegal immigrants are drug addicted thieves who thrive off of stealing American’s jobs and harming the United States labor force and the economy. As the immigration rate progressively rise’s it simultaneously concerns those who favor strict immigration laws and believe that illegal immigrants are harming the United States. However, these assumptions are hardly factRead MoreThe Costs And Benefits Of Crime1723 Words   |  7 PagesThere have been studies that have confirmed that the estimated costs and benefits of crime are influenced by such factors as the individuals’ level of self-control, moral beliefs, strains, emotional state and association with delinquent peers. There have been countless of other studies that have examined whether peoples’ estimates of the costs and benefits of crime influence their levels of offending or their intentions to offend. Such studies have examined the perceived likelihood that crime willRead MoreHow To Set A Good Price For Immigration Case Study804 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Set a Good Price for Immigration Cases Individual moving or visiting the US go through a detailed application process in order to work, seek legal resident status or US citizenship. Most people are forced to seek the services of immigration law attorneys to help them navigate the whole immigration process. Besides immigration VISA application, the other services provided by immigration attorney include spouse sponsoring, immigration change of status, cancelation of removal, deportation of

The Secret Circle The Initiation Chapter Seven Free Essays

The first person Cassie saw at school the next morning was Faye. The tall girl was standing with a group in front of a side entrance that Cassie had been taking to be inconspicuous. Deborah, the biker, and Suzan, the pneumatic strawberry blond, were in the group. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Initiation Chapter Seven or any similar topic only for you Order Now So were the two blond guys who had been roller blading through the halls yesterday. And there were two other guys. One was a short boy with a hesitant, slinking look and a furtive smile. The second was tall, with dark hair and a handsome, cold face. He was wearing a T-shirt with rolled-up sleeves and black jeans like Deborah’s, and he was smoking a cigarette. Nick? thought Cassie, remembering the girls’ conversation yesterday. The reptile? Cassie flattened herself against the red brick wall and retreated as quickly and quietly as possible. She went in the main entrance, then hurried to her English class. Almost guiltily, she reached down to pat her hip pocket. It was stupid to have brought it, but the little piece of chalcedony did make her feel better. And of course it was ridiculous to believe that it could bring her luck – but then again, she’d gotten to school this morning without running into Faye, hadn’t she? She found an empty desk in a back corner of the classroom on the opposite side from where Faye had sat yesterday. She didn’t want Faye near her – or behind her. Here, she was shielded by a whole cluster of people. But strangely, soon after she sat down, there was a sort of shuffling around her. She looked up to see a couple of girls moving forward. The guy beside her was moving too. For a moment she sat quite still, not even breathing. Don’t be paranoid. Just because people move doesn’t mean it has anything to do with you. But she couldn’t help notice that there was now a wide expanse of empty desks all around her. Faye breezed in, talking to a stiff Jeffrey Lovejoy. Cassie got a glimpse of her and then quickly looked away. She couldn’t keep her mind on Mr. Humphries’s lecture. How could she think with so much space around her? It had to be only a coincidence, but it shook her just the same. At the end of class, when Cassie stood up, she felt eyes on her. She turned to see Faye looking at her and smiling. Slowly, Faye closed one eye in a wink. Once out of the room Cassie headed for her locker. As she twirled the combination dial she saw someone standing nearby, and with a jolt recognized the short, slinking boy who’d been with Faye that morning. His locker was open, and she could see several ads from what looked like Soloflex brochures taped inside the door. He was grinning at her. His belt buckle was silver with shiny, mirrorlike stones in it, and it was engraved Sean. Cassie gave him the unimpressed look she reserved for little boys she baby-sat back home and pulled open her locker. And screamed. It was more of a choked, strangled cry, actually, because her throat closed up on her. Dangling from the top of her locker by a piece of twine around its neck was a doll. The doll’s head lolled grotesquely to one side – it had been pulled out of the socket. One blue glass eye was open; the other was stuck gruesomely halfway shut. It seemed to be winking at her. The short boy was gazing at her with a strange, eager expression. As if he were drinking in her horror. As if it intoxicated htm. â€Å"Aren’t you going to report that? Shouldn’t you go to the principal’s office?† he said. His voice was high and excited. Cassie just stared at him, her breath coming quickly. Then: â€Å"Yes, I am,† she said. She grabbed the doll and jerked it and the twine came free. Slamming the locker shut, she headed for the stairs. The principal’s office was on the second floor. Cassie thought she’d have to wait, but to her surprise the secretary ushered her in as soon as she gave her name. â€Å"Can I help you?† The principal was tall, with an austere, forbidding face. His office had a fireplace, Cassie noted distractedly, and he stood in front of it with his hands clasped behind his back. â€Å"Yes,† she said. Her voice was shaking. And now that she’d gotten here, she wasn’t at all sure that this was a good idea. â€Å"I’m new at school; my name is Cassie Blake – â€Å" â€Å"I’m aware of who you are.† His voice was clipped and brusque. â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Cassie faltered. â€Å"I just wanted to report†¦ Yesterday, I saw this girl having a fight with another girl, and she pushed her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  What was she talking about? She was babbling. â€Å"And I saw it, and so she threatened me. She’s in this club – but the point is, she threatened me. And I wasn’t going to do anything about it, but then today I found this in my locker.† He took the doll, holding it by the back of the dress with two fingers. He looked at it as if she’d handed him something the dog had dug up in the yard. His lip was curled in a way that reminded Cassie somehow of Portia. â€Å"Very amusing,† he said. â€Å"How apt.† Cassie had no idea what that was supposed to mean. Apt meant appropriate, didn’t it? It was appropriate that somebody was hanging dolls in her locker? â€Å"It was Faye Chamberlain,† she said. â€Å"Oh, no doubt,† he said. â€Å"I’m quite aware of the problems Miss Chamberlain has in interacting with other students. I’ve even had a report about this incident yesterday, about how you tried to push Sally Waltman down the stairs – â€Å" Cassie stared, then blurted out, â€Å"I what ? Who told you that?† â€Å"I believe it was Suzan Whittier.† â€Å"It isn’t true! I never – â€Å" â€Å"Be that as it may,† the principal interrupted, â€Å"I really think you’d better learn to solve these problems among yourselves, don’t you? Instead of relying on – outside help.† Cassie just went on staring, speechless. â€Å"That’s all.† The principal tossed the doll in the wastebasket, where it hit with a resounding plastic clunk. Cassie realized she was dismissed. There was nothing to do but turn around and walk out. She was late for her next class. As she walked in the door all eyes turned to her, and for an instant she felt a flash of paranoia. But at least no one got up and left when she took a desk. She was watching the teacher do an example on the board when her backpack moved. It was lying on the floor beside her, and out of the corner of her eye she saw the dark blue nylon hump up. She thought she saw it. When she turned to stare at it, it was still. Imagination†¦ As soon as she faced the board, it happened again. Turn and stare. It was still. Look at the board. It humped up. As if something were wriggling inside it. It must be waves of hot air, or something wrong with her eyes. Very slowly and carefully, Cassie edged her foot over to the backpack. She stared at the blackboard as she lifted her foot and then brought it down suddenly on the â€Å"hump.† All she felt was the flatness of her French book. She hadn’t realized she was holding her breath until it sighed out. Her eyes shut in helpless relief†¦ And then something beneath her foot writhed. She felt it under her Reebok. With a piercing shriek, she leaped to her feet. â€Å"What is the matter?† the teacher cried. Now everyone really was staring at her. â€Å"There’s something – something in my backpack. It moved.† Cassie had a hard time not clutching at the teacher’s arm. â€Å"No, don’t – don’t reach in there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Shaking her off, the teacher held the backpack open. Then she plunged her hand inside and pulled out a long rubber snake. Rubber. â€Å"Is this supposed to be funny?† the teacher demanded. â€Å"It’s not mine,† Cassie said stupidly. â€Å"I didn’t put it there.† She was gazing, mesmerized, at the flopping, bobbing rubber head and the painted black rubber tongue. It looked real, but it wasn’t. It was unalive. Dead meat? â€Å"It did move,† she whispered. â€Å"I felt it move†¦ I thought. It must have just been my foot shifting.† The class was watching silently. Looking up, Cassie thought she saw a flash of something like pity on the teacher’s face, but the next moment it was gone. â€Å"All right, everybody. Let’s get back to work,† the teacher said, dropping the snake on her desk and returning to the blackboard. Cassie spent the rest of the period with her eyes locked on those of the rubber snake. It never moved again. Cassie looked through the glass at the cafeteria full of laughing, talking students. French class had passed in a blur. And the paranoia, the feeling that people were looking at her and then deliberately turning their backs, kept growing. I should go outside, she thought, but of course that was ridiculous. Look where going outside had gotten her yesterday. No, she would do today what she should have done then: walk up and ask somebody if she could sit next to them. All right. Do it. It would have been easier if she hadn’t been feeling so giddy. Lack of sleep, she thought. She stopped, with her filled tray, beside two girls eating at a square table built for four. They looked nice, and more important, they looked like sophomores. They should be glad to have a junior sit with them. â€Å"Hi,† she heard her own voice saying, disembodied but polite. â€Å"Can I sit here?† They looked at each other. Cassie could almost see the frantic telegraphing. Then one spoke up. â€Å"Sure†¦ but we were just leaving. Help yourself.† She picked up her tray and made for the garbage can. The other girl looked dismayed an instant, gazing down at her own tray. Then she followed. Cassie stood as if she’d taken root in the floor. Okay, that was too bad – you picked somebody who was just leaving, all right. But that’s no reason to be upset†¦ Even though their lunches were only half eaten? With a supreme effort, she made herself walk over to another table. A round one this time, seating six. There was one seat empty. Don’t ask, she thought. Just sit. She put her tray down at the empty place, shrugged her backpack off her shoulder, and sat. She kept her eyes glued to her tray, concentrating on one piece of pepperoni in her slice of pizza. She didn’t want to seem to be asking permission of anyone. All around her, conversation died. Then she heard the scraping of chairs. Oh my God I don’t believe this I don’t believe this is happening it’s not true†¦ But it was. Her worst nightmare. Something so much worse than dead dolls or rubber snakes. In a daze of unreality she looked up to see every other occupant of the table rising. They were picking up their lunches; they were leaving. But unlike the two nice sophomore girls, they weren’t heading for the garbage cans. They were just moving to other tables, one here, another there, anywhere they could fit in. Away from her. Anywhere so long as it was away from her. â€Å"Mom†¦ ?† She looked down at the shut eyes with their thick black lashes, the pale face. She didn’t know how she’d made it through the rest of school today, and when she came home, her grandmother said her mom had been doing worse. Not a lot worse, nothing to be worried about, but worse. She needed peace and quiet. She’d taken some sleeping medicine. Cassie stared at the dark circles under the shut eyes. Her mother looked sick. And more than that, fragile. Vulnerable. So young. â€Å"Mom†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her voice was pleading but hollow. Her mother stirred, a twinge of pain crossing her face. Then she was still again. Cassie felt the numbness sink in a little deeper. There was nobody to help her here. She turned and left the room. In her own bedroom, she put the chalcedony piece in her jewelry box and didn’t touch it again. So much for luck. The creaking and rattling of the house kept her up that night, too. On Thursday morning, there was a bird in her locker. A stuffed owl. It stared at her with shining round yellow eyes. A custodian happened to be passing by, and she pointed it out to him mutely, her hand shaking. He took it away. That afternoon, it was a dead goldfish. She made a funnel of a sheet of paper and scooped it out. She didn’t go near her locker for the rest of the day. She didn’t go near the cafeteria, either. And she spent lunch in the farthest corner of the library. It was there that she saw the girl again. The girl with the shining hair, the girl she’d given up on ever meeting. It was hardly surprising that Cassie hadn’t seen her at school before this moment. These days Cassie slunk around like a shadow, walking through the halls with her eyes on the ground, speaking to no one. She didn’t know why she was at school at all, except that there was nowhere else to go. And if she had seen the girl, she’d probably have run the other way. The thought of being rejected by her as Cassie was rejected by everyone else at school was unbearable. But now Cassie looked up from her table at the back of the library and saw a brightness like sunlight. That hair. It was just as Cassie remembered, impossibly long, an impossible color. The girl was facing the circulation desk, smiling and talking to the librarian. Cassie could feel the radiance of her presence from across the room. She had the wildest urge to leap up and run to the girl. And then†¦ what? She didn’t know. But the urge was almost beyond her control. Her throat ached, and tears filled her eyes. She realized she was on her feet. She would run to the girl, and then – and then†¦ Images flooded Cassie’s mind, of her mother hugging her when she was young, cleaning out a skinned knee, kissing it better. Comfort. Rescue. Love. â€Å"Diana!† Another girl was hurrying up to the circulation desk. â€Å"Diana, don’t you know what time it is? Hurry up!† She was pulling the girl with the shining hair away, laughing and waving at the librarian. They were at the door; they were gone. Cassie was left standing alone. The girl had never even glanced her way. On Friday morning Cassie stopped in front of her locker. She didn’t want to open it. But it exerted a bizarre fascination over her. She couldn’t stand feeling it there, wondering what was in it and not knowing. She dialed the combination slowly, everything too bright. The locker door opened. This time she couldn’t even scream. She felt her eyes opening, straining as wide as the stuffed owl’s. Her mouth opened in a soundless gasp. Her stomach heaved. The smell†¦ Her locker was full of hamburger. Raw and red like flesh with the skin torn off, darkening to purple where it was going bad from lack of refrigeration. Pounds and pounds of it. It smelled like†¦ Like meat. Dead meat. Cassie slammed the locker shut, but it bounced off some of the hamburger that was oozing out the bottom. She whirled and stumbled away, her vision hazing over. A hand grabbed her. For an instant she thought it was an offer of support. Then she felt her backpack being pulled off her shoulder. She turned and saw a pretty, sullen face. Malicious dark eyes. A motorcycle jacket. Deborah tossed the backpack past Cassie, and automatically Cassie whirled, following it. On the other side she saw shoulder-length blond hair. Slanted, slightly mad blue-green eyes. A laughing mouth. It was one of the roller-blade guys – the Henderson brothers. â€Å"Welcome to the jungle,† he sang. He threw the backpack to Deborah, who caught it, singing another line. Cassie couldn’t help turning around and around between them, like a cat chasing a fur mouse on a string. Tears flooded her eyes. The laughter and singing rang in her ears, louder and louder. Suddenly a brown arm thrust into her field of vision. A hand caught the backpack in midair. The laughter died. She turned to see through a blur of tears the cold, handsome face of the dark-haired guy who had stood with Faye that morning two days ago†¦ could it really be only two days ago? He was wearing another T-shirt with rolled-up sleeves and the same worn-in black jeans. â€Å"Aw, Nick,† the Henderson brother complained. â€Å"You’re wrecking our game.† â€Å"Get out of here,† Nick said. â€Å"You get out,† Deborah snarled from behind Cassie. â€Å"Doug and me were just – â€Å" â€Å"Yeah, we were only – â€Å" â€Å"Shut up.† Nick glanced at Cassie’s locker, with globs of meat still seeping out of it. Then he thrust the backpack at her. â€Å"You get out,† he said. Cassie looked into his eyes. They were dark brown, the color of her grandmother’s mahogany furniture. And like the furniture, they seemed to reflect the overhead lights back at her. They weren’t unfriendly, exactly. Just – unimpassioned. As if nothing much touched this guy. â€Å"Thank you,† she said, blinking back the tears. Something flickered in those mahogany-dark eyes. â€Å"It’s not much to thank me for,† he said. His voice was like a cold wind, but Cassie didn’t care. Clutching the backpack to her, she fled. It was in physics class that she got the note. A girl named Tina dropped it on her desk, casually, trying to look as if she were doing nothing of the sort. She went right on walking and took a seat on the other side of the room. Cassie looked at the square of folded paper as if it might burn her if she touched it. Her name was written across the front in handwriting that managed to look pompous and prim at the same time. Slowly, she unfolded the paper. Cassie, it read. Meet me in the old science building, second floor, after school. I think we can help each other. A friend. Cassie stared at it until the writing doubled. After class she cornered Tina. â€Å"Who gave you this to give to me?† The girl looked at the note disowningly. â€Å"What are you talking about? I didn’t†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes, you did. Who gave it to you?† Tina cast a hunted look around. Then she whispered, â€Å"Sally Waltman, all right? But she told me not to tell anybody. I have to go now.† Cassie blocked her. â€Å"Where’s the old science building?† â€Å"Look – â€Å" â€Å"Where is it?† Tina hissed, â€Å"On the other side of E-wing. In back of the parking lot. Now let me go!† She broke away from Cassie and hurried off. A friend, Cassie thought sarcastically. If Sally were really a friend, she’d talk to Cassie in public. If she were really a friend, she’d have stayed that day on the steps, instead of leaving Cassie alone with Faye. She’d have said, â€Å"Thanks for saving my life.† But maybe she was sorry now. The old science building didn’t look as if it had been used for a while; there was a padlock on the door, but that had been sprung. Cassie pushed on the door and it swung away from her. Inside, it was dim. She couldn’t make out any details with her light-dazzled eyes. But she could see a stairway. She climbed it, one hand on the wall to guide herself. It was when she reached the top of the stairway that she noticed something strange. Her fingers were touching something†¦ soft. Almost furry. She moved them in front of her face, peering at them. Soot? Something moved in the room in front of her. â€Å"Sally?† She took a hesitant step forward. Why wasn’t more light coming in the windows? she wondered. She could see only glowing white cracks here and there. She took another shuffling step, and another, and another. â€Å"Sally?† Even as she said it, realization finally dawned on her exhausted brain. Not Sally. Whoever, whatever was out there, it wasn’t Sally. Turn around, idiot. Get out of here. Now. She whirled, clumsily, straining her dark-adapting eyes, looking for the deeper blackness of the stairwell – And light shone suddenly, streaming into her face, blinding her. There was a creaking, wrenching noise and more light burst into the room. Through a window that had been boarded up, Cassie realized. Someone was standing in front of it now, holding a piece of wood. She turned toward the stairway again. But someone was standing there, too. Enough light shone into the room now that she could see features as the girl stepped forward. â€Å"Hello, Cassie,† said Faye. â€Å"I’m afraid Sally couldn’t make it. But maybe you and I can help each other instead.† How to cite The Secret Circle: The Initiation Chapter Seven, Essay examples

Corporate System Continuous Innovation

Question: Discuss about the Corporate System for Continuous Innovation. Answer: Introduction: The company Google Inc. was established in the year 1996 by two computer science students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. Both of them developed a technology namely Page Bank which ensured them to evaluate a relevancy of the specific website. They also realized that a specific search engine which is based on the algorithm of PageRank will be very effective at getting better and right outcome than current search engines. Therefore, the concept became the foundation for their search engine which was launch in 1997 (Steiber Alnge, 2013). The company also incorporated formally in 1998. The company got its name from "Googol" which happen to be a maths equivalent of the number one along with hundred zeros. The growth of the company is rapid but it always tries to maintain a culture of the small organization. The concept of Googleplex assisted and also nurtured the atmosphere of collegiality and innovation along with a workout room and extracurricular room. Sophisticated computer tools were established on wooden doors which were later supported by sawhorses (Jain et al, 2013). Weekly games of hockey were organized and staff meetings every week were held in open space. The major amount of revenue comes from advertising through a search engine and its programs like AdSense because of which ads are placed on so many websites. The present business model for the company is advertising and the search engine come under the number 1 position in the market. This is important to note here that the company has become synonymous with a search engine (Cusumano, 2010). In fact, Google is used in the routine lives instead of search on the internet. Another part of the company's immensely successful plan is based on innovation and this can be shown in various products as well as services that Google consist as a part of its brand. Products and Services Following is the list of current and upcoming Google Products: - Internet search engine Email News aggregator Cloud storage for businesses as well as consumers. Websites for watching videos Cloud computing for organizations Calendar Web browser Smartphone and tablet operating system Thermostat Laptops and desktop computers. Internet services Almost sixty percent of total internet-based search is actually owned by the Google. The company has a number of products and application as mentioned above. In fact, as per the marketing department of the company, everybody in the world can be considered as their target market (Conte Vivarelli, 2014). Therefore, the marketing strategy is not entirely bound within the setup of a group of people or any particular location. It is actually challenging to an idea about the company main focus to get the return and competitive edge. The vision statement of the company is to provide the access to the information of the world in a single click. The nature of the business is the direct display of the vision statement. The company's vision statement focuses on three important variables mainly world's information, one click and finally accessibility (Jain et al, 2013). The organization is mainly known for its effective products like a search engine that meet the particulars of the vision statement. The leadership of the company in the market meets the rule of universal accessibility element of the current mission statement by making the product of the company used widely. There are a number of innovative strategies that further contributes to the overall capacity of the company to be able to maintain the current leadership in the market (Minakov, Minakova, Galstyan, Shiyanova, 2015). Critique of the Top Management Team on Entrepreneurial Mindset The company is primarily base its strategies on innovation and the company never tried to guard it as a secret. In fact, the company openly shared the data with the public and the company also codified with a set of principles which are "Nine Principles of Innovation". Execution of important sections of the company's nine principles of innovation by any other company is considered as a wise decision and effective usage of the principle as a foundation is for fostering innovation in organization and product development (Bowonder, Dambal, Kumar Shirodkar, 2010). Following are the nine principles of innovation proposed by the company Google: - Innovation can be welcomed from any direction. The main aim should be on the final user It is important to think 10x level, not10%. The culture must be open enough to bet on technical insights. Ship and iterate It is equally important to accept the failure and there should be no stigma associated with it (Markoff, 2010). Default to open which means it is crucial to be open to new idea and innovation from any corner of the world. Twenty percent time The company must have a relevant mission. Proposed Strategy for Entrepreneurship and Innovation The proposed strategy for the company is to change the vision and mission statement as per the huge variety of the products offered by the company. The organization now also provide the new set of products, like Google Glass and Google Fibre. But, the vision and mission statement remains similar (Westerlund Leminen, 2011). Therefore, the change must show the present diversification of the products of the company. Under ideal circumstances, the vision statement must show the future situation of the organization along with consideration for the present diversified business. The company follows a unique or distinct culture that starts with the founders. The culture is based on informality, innovation, and creativity which can be observed throughout the organization via artifacts that are with the company. It can have seen in every aspect of the business ranging from the way employees greet or address on another as "Googlers" or where the head office of the company is situated in a different and a fun place that looks more like an office or the way company work with the workforce by giving them so many benefits and perks (Chang, 2011). The recommendation for the company is to recruit more experienced people in the place of good academic outcome to have an ideal culture. The experienced workforce has faced so many different kinds of cultures from other companies and will be able to bring a better culture for the company. This way, more experienced workforce can also become the mentor for less experienced employees to increase the level of productivity (Eaton, Elaluf-Calderwood, Srensen, Yoo, 2011). Tacit and explicit information is crucial and must be acquired by the whole workforce. Many employees of the company have the academic record and this is why they have good explicit knowledge. However, they majorly lack tacit knowledge which can be acquired only through right action or from experienced people. References Bowonder, B., Dambal, A., Kumar, S., Shirodkar, A. (2010). Innovation strategies for creating competitive advantage.Research-technology management,53(3), 19-32. Chang, C. H. (2011). The influence of corporate environmental ethics on competitive advantage: The mediation role of green innovation.Journal of Business Ethics,104(3), 361-370. Conte, A., Vivarelli, M. (2014). Succeeding in innovation: key insights on the role of RD and technological acquisition drawn from company data.Empirical economics,47(4), 1317-1340. Cusumano, M. A. (2010).Staying power: Six enduring principles for managing strategy and innovation in an uncertain world (lessons from Microsoft, Apple, Intel, Google, Toyota and more). Oxford University Press. Eaton, B., Elaluf-Calderwood, S., Srensen, C., Yoo, Y. (2011). Dynamic structures of control and generativity in digital ecosystem service innovation: the cases of the Apple and Google mobile app stores.London School of Economics and Political Science. Jain, A., Ong, S. P., Hautier, G., Chen, W., Richards, W. D., Dacek, S., ... Persson, K. A. (2013). Commentary: The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation.Apl Materials,1(1), 011002. Markoff, J. (2010). Google cars drive themselves, in traffic.The New York Times,10(A1), 9. Minakov, V. F., Minakova, T. E., Galstyan, A. S., Shiyanova, A. A. (2015). Time constant of innovation effects doubling.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(3 S6), 307. Steiber, A., Alnge, S. (2013). A corporate system for continuous innovation: the case of Google Inc.European Journal of Innovation Management,16(2), 243-264. Westerlund, M., Leminen, S. (2011). Managing the challenges of becoming an open innovation company: experiences from Living Labs.Technology Innovation Management Review,1(1).

Adhd Essay Example For Students

Adhd Essay Running Head: ADHD ON INTELLIGENCESocial and Bio-genetic Influencesof Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorderon Child IntelligenceAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has undergone intense researchin the past decade. Much of this is rooted in the fact that approximately 5% of childrenare affected with the disorder. Children with ADHD are identified as having increasedbehavioral difficulties because of excessive motor activities, poor self regulation andinattentiveness. It has been found that as many as 30% of children inflicted with ADHDhave learning disabilities with academic underachievement becoming a failure or bother inthe school system. Since these children do not meet the expectations of society and theirlearning environment they are usually met with anger, punishment, and rejection. In turnthese children develop a low-self esteem and low levels of motivation. The reason for ADHD is still a mystery to researchers. Within the field there aremany things that point to biological (genetic) and social causes. The idea seeks to explorecurrent research through investigating the social and bio-genetic influence of ADHD onchild intelligence. Testing and treatments of those with ADHD will also be discussed.

How to Use Online Samples of Speech Essay

How to Use Online Samples of Speech EssayIn order to present your own ideas on the great events of the past, you will need samples of speech essays written by famous personalities. These great stories provide students with an insight into life, and how they can relate to them.This is one way that you can give students an oral history of their own life as well as a key piece of literature in which they can connect with. You can utilize online samples of speech essays that feature the works of the greatest people in history. You can also look for free samples of speech essay to find out which one is the best for you.Online samples of speech essays may take several different forms. They may come in a book, a collection of pages, or even multiple chapters. The choices are endless and it can be difficult to decide what form you want your writing sample to take.The first thing that you will need to do is to go online and look for samples of speech essays from famous individuals. The search engines will help you find these types of texts by doing a search. You can also look for online samples of speech essays to see if you can find a better reading. There are a lot of websites where you can find samples of speech essays that have been written by the likes of Winston Churchill, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and others.The Internet has a wealth of information for you to research. You can find out what the famous people who wrote these writings are like. There are often links on the websites to where you can visit their websites for more information. These sites can include contact information, home addresses, e-mail addresses, and more.Once you have a sample of speech essay, you will need to get this text onto a computer. You can do this through several different ways. You can use software such as Microsoft Word or Adobe Acrobat. You can also just get the text onto your computer and convert it into a type of text that you will use.After you have the writing sampl e converted into a text, you will need to learn how to format it. You can do this through Microsoft Word or Adobe Acrobat. You can choose to use some other software such as Grammarly or Word Perfect to ensure that you have everything in place. Most likely, you will want to use Word Perfect, since it is an editing software that you already know how to use.

50 Words for Writing

50 Words for Writing 50 Words for â€Å"Writing† 50 Words for â€Å"Writing† By Mark Nichol As an unabashed proponent of reasonable elegant variation the moderate use of synonyms to avoid tiring repetition of a specific word throughout a passage I offer this assortment of terms for a piece of writing: 1. Article: This word, with the diminutive -le as a clue, refers to a small part of a publication (thus, the extension of the word to mean â€Å"thing† or â€Å"item†) more specifically, a piece of nonfiction that appears in a periodical or on a Web site. (It also refers to a section of an official piece of writing.) 2. Brief: Breve, the Latin predecessor of this synonym for short, acquired the connotation of â€Å"summary† or â€Å"letter† when it was used in the Roman Catholic Church to refer to a missive less extensive than a bull. (That word comes from the Latin word bulla, â€Å"knob,† referring to the seal that ensured discretion.) Brief now refers to a legal summary hence briefcase. 3. Causerie: This noun form of the French verb causer, â€Å"to chat,† directly borrowed into English, means â€Å"a brief, informal essay.† 4. Chronicle: This term, derived from the Greek term ta khronika (â€Å"the annals†), refers to a an account of a succession of historical events. 5. Column: This word originally referred to a vertical block of type on a page, echoing the original meaning of â€Å"pillar.† Early journalistic publications, which made no pretensions to objectivity, laid out various pieces of writing in distinct columns, hence the modern connotation of an article advocating a point of view. 6. Commentary: The Latin term from which this word derives, commentarius, refers to personal writing, but the modern sense is of an opinion piece. 7. Composition: This descendant of the Latin word compositionem (â€Å"putting together†) refers to the assemblage of sentences that constitutes a written effort, either in general or in the specific reference to a scholastic exercise. 8. Critique: A critique, as the name implies, is a work of criticism; the connotation is of a formal, erudite dissection of another written work (or any creative endeavor). 9. Diatribe: Interestingly, this word’s Latin precursor, diatriba, has the neutral connotation of â€Å"learned discussion.† A couple hundred years ago, it acquired the sense, now exclusive, of harsh criticism or complaint. 10. Discourse: The meaning of discursus, the Latin term from which discourse stems is â€Å"the act of running around,† suggesting the process of progressing through a written argument. 11. Discussion: Despite the resemblance of this word to discourse, there is no relation; the Latin origin is discussus, meaning â€Å"to break apart,† which led to the noun discussionem and its sense of â€Å"examination.† 12. Dissertation: The term from which this word’s Latin ancestor, dissertationem, is ultimately derived means â€Å"to take words apart†; the primary sense now is of scholarly writing that examines or debates an assertion. 13-14. Document: The Latin term documentum (â€Å"example, lesson, proof†) now has a generic sense of any piece of writing. Documentation, however, implies information provided to support or authenticate other writing, and is used especially in computing and in academic research. 15. Editorial: This word derives from the direct borrowing of the Latin term editor (â€Å"one who presents†). As the entry for column explains, all editorial content was originally subjective, but in modern journalism, the term refers to a statement of opinion by a periodical’s management or by a guest commentator. The latter variety is often relegated to an op-ed page. (The latter term is an abbreviation for â€Å"opposite the editorial page† that being the sheet on which the publication’s own arguments are printed.) 16. Essay: The meaning of this word is â€Å"attempt† (it’s related to assay, which refers to a test of a metal’s purity), with an original connotation, long since muted by the quotidian ubiquity of the scholastic assignment by that name, of a written opinion presented for the audience’s approval. 17. Examination: The sense of â€Å"test† for this word (or for exam, the truncated form that has largely supplanted it) follows the original meaning of â€Å"test or judging in a legal context† (hence the judicial term cross-examination). 18. Exposition: This word derived from the Latin term expositionem (â€Å"something shown or set forth†) can mean â€Å"narration† or, more often, â€Å"explanation; the latter sense is employed in literary criticism to refer to the author’s technique in revealing background details. 19. Feature: This term, taken from Latin by way of French, means â€Å"a formation.† In writing, it refers to an article specifically, usually a profile of a person, place, or thing, perhaps with a more conversational style, as opposed to a more straightforward news or informational piece or an opinion. 20. Guide: This word from the same term in French, originally meaning â€Å"one who shows the way,† refers to publications that inform readers about how to do something or where to visit. It may be extended to guidebook. 21. Memorandum: Taking directly from the Latin word for â€Å"(thing) to be remembered,† this word, and its abbreviation, memo, refer to an official note. 22. Minutes: This word, which stems from the Latin phrase minuta scriptura (literally, â€Å"small writing†), refers to a record of a meeting or a similar event. 23. Monograph: This word, which literally means â€Å"writing about one (thing),† refers to academic writing on a topic. 24. Narrative: The Latin term narrationem means â€Å"recounting,† and this word is a synonym for â€Å"story,† though it also specifically refers to storytelling style. 25. Polemic: This Anglicization of the French word polemique (â€Å"controversial†) means â€Å"a harsh response to or refutation of an opinion.† 26-28. Paper: This meaning an example of synecdoche, in which the name for a material stands in for something made of that material (as in wheels as slang for car) describes a scholarly written presentation. A variation is white paper, a piece of writing prepared for or by a government entity or a business to inform or persuade. By contrast, a green paper is a preliminary version of a white paper. 29. Proces-verbal: This French term meaning â€Å"verbal trial† is an unnecessary synonym for report unless, perhaps, one wishes to mock the formality or pretension of a report. 30-33. Prolegomenon: This mouthful of a synonym for preface, taken directly from Greek, means â€Å"to say beforehand,† though it may be used in a more general sense than preface, which usually refers to a specific component of a book. (A book preface, by the way, is distinguished from the proximately placed foreword by the fact that it is the author’s statement of purpose, intended audience, scope, and content. A foreword, by contrast, is a recommendation from another person. There may also be an introduction, which orients the reader to the topic.) 34. Propaganda: This word, stemming from the Modern Latin word for â€Å"propagating,† was used by the Roman Catholic Church in the sense of disseminating the Gospel. Since then, it has acquired a derogatory connotation, referring to true, slanted, or fabricated information designed to promote one’s, or criticize another’s, position or ideology. 35. Proposition: Like many words on this list, proposition comes down almost intact from Latin in this case, from propositionem, meaning â€Å"a statement.† In rhetoric, it is specifically the initial statement of an argument, or a point offered for consideration. It is also employed to refer to a type of referendum. 36. Rant: Alone among all the words on this list, rant is from a Germanic language, rather than Latin or Greek: Randten means to talk foolishly, and a rant is an emotional and perhaps irrational criticism in speech or in writing. 37. Report: This translation of the Latin word reportare, meaning â€Å"to carry back,† in noun form refers to a written or spoken account. More specifically, it acquired the sense of an investigative summary and, by extension, a scholastic exercise. 38. Review: This word, from the Latin verb revidere (â€Å"to see again†) by way of French (as the noun reveue) is used as a less formal synonym for critique (a written evaluation of a creative product). 39. Screed: This word (from the Old English term screde, â€Å"fragment,† and related to shred) needs context assistance, because it can mean â€Å"informal writing,† â€Å"a long speech,† or â€Å"a rant.† The last sense is the most frequent, but make sure, whatever usage you intend, that your readers will understand your intent. 40-41. Script: This derivation of the Latin word scriptum, â€Å"a piece of writing,† is versatile. It can refer to a piece of writing in general, to a set of instructions, or to a copy of a play, a screenplay, or a similar work, as well as to a brief computer program. It also has an informal connotation of an orchestrated version of reality that all associated parties are expected to adhere to. Manuscript literally means â€Å"a piece of writing produced by hand,† though now it has the more general meaning of a draft of writing at any stage of preparation, as opposed to a published version. 42. Study: Based on the Latin term studere, â€Å"to be diligent,† the verb gave rise to the noun meaning â€Å"evaluation† or â€Å"experiment† and then to a sense of a written account of the procedure. A case study is an account of a particular person, event, or situation. 43. Testament: Testamentum, in Latin, means â€Å"will,† as in the legal document, as does the English derivation, but it can also mean â€Å"a supporting statement.† 44. Testimonial: This word, derived from the Latin term testimonium, which originally referred to biblical scripture, came to mean â€Å"an attestation of the virtues of a person or thing.† 45. Theme: This word comes from Greek, meaning â€Å"something set down,† and is akin to thesis (see below), though it often refers merely to a student composition. 46. Thesis: Thesis stems from the same Greek root as theme (tithenai, â€Å"to set†); the former word, like the latter, means â€Å"something set down.† The formal meaning is of a piece of writing produced as a requirement for a college degree, but it also has a general sense of â€Å"a statement to be proved† and as such can refer to an introductory argument in a larger work. 47. Tract: A truncation of the Latin term tractatus, â€Å"a treatment,† tract has an often pejorative sense of a piece of propaganda (see above) or something reminiscent of such, often in pamphlet form. 48. Treatise: This word stems from a French derivation of the Latin term tractatus (see above) and refers to an argument that discusses and analyzes a topic. 49. Treatment: Treatment, which has the same root as treatise, is usually employed to refer to an outline or early adaptation of a screenplay. 50. Write-up: This informal term for a piece of writing can carry a connotation of a work with an unduly positive bias, so take care that the context communicates this intent or the lack thereof. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing Light34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better WriterOne "L" or Two?